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Street Protest

Social Justice

Shirley Li

Social Justice is a promise to allocate equally the opportunities, wealth, and privileges of every citizen in the society and no one should be excluded from the social welfare and benefits under the Government’s administration.

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Slum Shacks

Social Exclusion

 Shiyu Pan

Social marginalization or social exclusion is a term referring to situations that individuals or groups of people do not have access to social activities, rights and resources that are usually available to other people. Potential outcomes include but are not limited to unemployment, poverty and illness.

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City Graffiti View

Socio-spatial Polarization

Sarah Daniel

 Socio-spatial polarization is the growing income and wealth inequality which has developed into an increase of divergence of social and spatial income groups due to the loss of the middle class (Stapleton, 2019).

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Clean Neighborhood

Socio-economic Inequality

Chisara Odigbo

Socio-economic inequalities can be defined as inequalities that relate to differences in income, social class, occupational background, educational. achievement and neighbourhood deprivation and these can be distinguished from socio-demographic differences, which relate to factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, number of children, household composition and living arrangements.

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Aerial View

Socio-spatial Inequality

Ashley Forbes

Socio-spatial inequality is a term which defines the exclusion and segregation that occurs within communities in regard to social inequalities. This can occur to all demographics and can affect individuals socially or affect their place of residence.

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Exploring the Streets

The Right to the City

Courtney Smith

The right to the city is a theory that defines who ought to have the right to shape cities.  Cities are common grounds for everyone, and one person should not have priority access due to their social status over someone else. The importance of creating inclusivity in neighborhoods, is to allow people to shape, create, and be the change they want to see in their city.

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Volunteers Packing Food

Welfare

Zongzhe Wu

Discusses the meaning of welfare and the history of the welfare state.

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LA Landing

Welfare Geography

Jas Daveta

Welfare geography can be broadly understood as a specific approach of geography which places emphasis on social inequality and justice. The primary goals of welfare geography are to explore the future of public spending and welfare assistance with an emphasis on justice.

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